نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته اقتصاد پولی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران
2 استاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
به‌دست آوردن اطلاعات جزئی درباره انتظارات به دلیل غیرقابل مشاهده بودن باورهای افراد دشوار است. به همین دلیل، چگونگی شکل‌گیری انتظارات و مدل‌سازی این فرآیند سوال بازی در مدل‌سازی‌های اقتصادی است که به تازگی به کمک اقتصاد آزمایشگاهی به آن پرداخته شده است. در این مقاله به منظور شناسایی انتظارات، رفتارهای افراد در واکنش به مقادیر جدید نرخ ارز در یک محیط آزمایشگاهی بررسی می‌شود. علاوه بر آن، در این آزمایش تفاوت میان نحوه شکل‌گیری انتظارات در میان افراد و ارتباط آن با توانایی‌های شناختی بررسی می‌شود. برای ایجاد انگیزه در افراد، پاداش‌هایی متناسب با عملکرد در نظرگرفته شده است. در این چارچوب در حالی که انتظارات عقلانی رد می‌شود، انتظارات تطبیقی رد نمی‌شود. افراد فارغ از توانایی‌های شناختی به شکل یکسانی انتظارات خود را شکل می‌دهند و شکل‌گیری انتظارات میان افراد مختلف یکسان است. در این آزمایش افراد نسبت به مقادیر جدید نرخ ارز -که در این چارچوب به عنوان ادراک نوفه فرض می‌شود- بیش‌واکنشی نشان داده‌اند. این یافته به عنوان شاهدی برای رفتارهای هیجانی در بازار واقعی ارز در نظر گرفته شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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