Esfandiar Jahangard; Habibeh Mansoori
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 1-28
Abstract
In this paper focusing on the Information and Communication Technology sector (ICT sector) in Iranian Input-Output table and a method of policy evaluation is designed which gives a deeper insight of interaction between policy objective (output) and policy control(final demand). The ...
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In this paper focusing on the Information and Communication Technology sector (ICT sector) in Iranian Input-Output table and a method of policy evaluation is designed which gives a deeper insight of interaction between policy objective (output) and policy control(final demand). The method used is based on a specific matrix decomposition that allows for the quantification of an aggregated scale effect, called Macro Multiplier. Therefore, this study, applying Macro Multiplier methodologies based on Iran's 1999 Input –Output table. The application results show the policy 1 is dominating policy .Using the structure 0.9v1+0.1v3 ,we can observe a high growth on output of the ICT industry in Iran.
Fatemeh Bazzazan; Ali Asghar Banooi; Mahdi Karami
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 29-52
Abstract
The importance of spatial economy has been considered recently in Iran and has been investigated in the form of single regional input-output model in a series of articles which is a mutation in the regional studies in Iran. In these studies regional coefficients were calculated and tested statistically. ...
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The importance of spatial economy has been considered recently in Iran and has been investigated in the form of single regional input-output model in a series of articles which is a mutation in the regional studies in Iran. In these studies regional coefficients were calculated and tested statistically. As applications of single regional coefficients have some limitations, overcoming to limitations, inter-regional input-output model has been developed. The main aim of this paper is to introduce a non-survey technique to estimate interregional input-output coefficients for two regions: Tehran and the Rest of Iran which is the first experience in Iran. These coefficients will enable policy makers to capture feedback and spillover effects that are primarily attribute to inter-regional trading model. In this study, regional coefficients are estimated for 10 sectors in 2001. Results show 58% of Tehran import is from the rest of Economy whereas 41% of the Rest of Economy is from Tehran. Other results also show spillover effects in Tehran province are greater than the Rest of Economy. While, small feedback effects are observed in both regions. Moreover, we found the errors of using single input-output coefficients and neglecting the spillover and feedback effects are 20% and 12% for the Rest of Economy and Tehran province respectively, both are considerable and reveals the importance of using two-region input-output model.
Esmaiel Abounoori; Najmeh Gholami
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 71-53
Abstract
In this study, nominal & real average compensated wage has been computed for woman & man in each industry during 1999-2005, then the effect of gender on the average compensated wage are estimated using regression analysis of variance. The results indicate that the highest shock (highest ...
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In this study, nominal & real average compensated wage has been computed for woman & man in each industry during 1999-2005, then the effect of gender on the average compensated wage are estimated using regression analysis of variance. The results indicate that the highest shock (highest coefficient of variation) in the per capita compensated wage for men as well as women, has happened in "Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery", while the lowest fluctuation has happened in "Manufacture of tobacco products", "Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddler, harness and footwear" for man & woman employees, respectively. The interesting point in this research is that, assuming other things equal, the real average compensated wage for women employees has been less than that of men by about 4220000 Rials per annul. Of course this gap, may be due to more overtime work, level of experience, level of skills and educations of the men comparing that of the woman’s, which have not been considered in this study.
Behzad Salmani; Alireza Mohammadi
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 73-93
Abstract
This article investigates the effect of government health expenditures as a proxy for health on Iran's economic growth. In doing this the growth model of generalized Aggregate Production Function (APF), based on the growth accounting approach has been used. The basis of this model is the estimation ...
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This article investigates the effect of government health expenditures as a proxy for health on Iran's economic growth. In doing this the growth model of generalized Aggregate Production Function (APF), based on the growth accounting approach has been used. The basis of this model is the estimation of production function in growth accounting methodology. In order to estimate the model the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Method (ARDL) over the period 1350- 1381 has been used. The results of the research indicate that in the long run, government health expenditures have a positive and significant effect on Iran's economic growth. Also convergence relation among government health expenditures, economic growth and other variables of the model, has been ratified. Investigating the reliability of the results there can be found a positive correlation between government health expenditures and economic growth. Investigating the stability test of the estimated models represents the estimated coefficients stability in the long run.
Amir Dadras Moghadam; Mansoor Zibaei
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 95-112
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy and exchange rate on agriculture supply, prices and exports of agricultural sector with VEC approach and impulse response functions. In this paper, variables are interest rate, exchange rate, monetary supply, inflation, ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy and exchange rate on agriculture supply, prices and exports of agricultural sector with VEC approach and impulse response functions. In this paper, variables are interest rate, exchange rate, monetary supply, inflation, agriculture output and input prices, agricultural supply and exports, income and the degree of openness from 1961 to 2005. The results show in order to decrease inflation, and control agriculture prices we must not emphasize on monetary policy but in the long-run exchange rate, financial, development and trade policy are most important factors in price stability policy. Results also indicate that changes in macroeconomic variables have an effect on the agricultural sector but the reverse effect does not hold.
Behrooz Hadi Zonooz; Parvaneh Kamali Dehkordi
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 136-113
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth. For this purpose we have set up a panel data for 67 countries during the years 1980-2004.All of these countries have been successful in absorbing FDI during this period. Since socio-economic characteristic ...
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This paper investigates the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth. For this purpose we have set up a panel data for 67 countries during the years 1980-2004.All of these countries have been successful in absorbing FDI during this period. Since socio-economic characteristic of these countries is diametrically different, we have classified our sample into four groups as follows: a)Countries which their performance indicators in absorbing FDI is higher than their potential indicator for absorbing FDI, b)the developing countries that have good performance in absorbing FDI ,c)Non-oil developing countries that have good performance in absorbing FDI, d) Some oil producing countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Indonesia, Algeria and Venezuela. To test our hypothesis on positive effects of FDI on economic growth we have benefited from Mankiw , Romer, &Weil (1992) model. The results of our estimates shows that:Firstly, in all countries there is a positive relationship between FDI and growth,Secondly, the magnitude of the effect decreases when we move from the first group to the fourth group. Specially it is worth mentioning that there is a significant difference between oil and non-oil countries. Actually in the oil producing countries the determinants of growth has been significantly different compared to the other developing countries.
Nader Mehregan; Ruholah Rezaee
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 137-146
Abstract
The world has experienced dramatic growth of population during 5 past years. Nowadays, demographic changes have been identified as one of key factors in development process. In this paper, the effect of age structure of population on economic growth has been examined. To do this, data on 171 countries ...
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The world has experienced dramatic growth of population during 5 past years. Nowadays, demographic changes have been identified as one of key factors in development process. In this paper, the effect of age structure of population on economic growth has been examined. To do this, data on 171 countries has been used over period 1966-2004. The results indicate the significant effect of demographic variables on economic growth. Based on results, population growth , the ratio of people under 15 years old to whole population , dependency ratio of young people have negative effect and ratio of people 15-64 years old to whole population, ratio of people over 65 years old to whole population, dependency ratio of elderly people have positive impact on economic growth. The growth rates of different age groups have different effects on economic growth so that the growth rate of people years under 15 years old has the biggest effect and growth rate of active people (15-64 years old) has the smallest effect on economic growth.
Saeed Karimi; Saeed Rasekhi; Mojtaba Ehsani
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 147-166
Abstract
Governments have an important role in planning and preparing the food these security through protection policies such as subsidizing the basic food in the same time pay subsidies it will increase the government expenditure,and hence, it is necessary to set specific goals carefully. In this article, the ...
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Governments have an important role in planning and preparing the food these security through protection policies such as subsidizing the basic food in the same time pay subsidies it will increase the government expenditure,and hence, it is necessary to set specific goals carefully. In this article, the demand for main or basic foods, (i.e.bread, meat, milk, edible, oil and sugar) have been estimated by using AIDS Model and taking into account household budget in urban areas and consumer price index through two stage model and cointegration for the years 1934-2005. & estimation was done for both the short-run and the long-run and the homogenous constraint and symmetric have been examined by Wald test. As an instrument of analysis, price elasticity, income elasticity and cross price elasticity of demand have been calculated for the short-run and the long-run. The results show that reducing subsidies on these goods would put a pressure on consumer expenditure through the rise in the prices. However, changes in the structure of subsidies with a gradual reduction in the amount of subsidies for bread, edible oil and sugar and directing the payment toward meat and milk within a specific goal is recommended.
seyed komail tayebi; Karim Azarbaijani; Yaser Abbaslou
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, Pages 11-27
Abstract
There has been relatively little empirical analysis of the role played by cultural-social-economic policies to promote entrepreneurship. Governments, for instance, conduct different entrepreneurship promotion policies. Financial assistance and easing of bureaucratic rules are provided to improve the ...
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There has been relatively little empirical analysis of the role played by cultural-social-economic policies to promote entrepreneurship. Governments, for instance, conduct different entrepreneurship promotion policies. Financial assistance and easing of bureaucratic rules are provided to improve the entrepreneurship process in a country. Entrepreneurs benefit from education and skills, which are planned and subsidized by governments to provide an appropriate environment for business. So, it seems government policies on education promotion and human development, for instance, are important factors affecting entrepreneurship. Additionally, growth in total investment and savings expand economic capacity for further activities by entrepreneurs. The objective of this paper is to explore a causal relationship between entrepreneurship and its main determinants through regression analysis. We employ data on education, human development, property rights, the rule of law and some economic variables in 123 selected countries over the period 2000-2005 to estimate the entrepreneurship regression model by the panel data approach. The implication is that education, economic growth and optimal government policies can encourage entrepreneurship.
