نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دکترای تخصصی، اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

یکی از مهم­ترین رویکردهای دستیابی به امنیت غذایی، بحث تخصیص مجدد منابع با هدف برقراری عدالت اجتماعی و افزایش سطح رفاه گروه­های کم‌درآمد و توزیع مناسب درآمد یا همان بحث هدفمندسازی یارانه­­هاست که از راهکارهای اساسی در تأمین امنیت غذایی این دسته از خانوارها به شمار می‌آید. ازاین­رو، در مطالعه حاضر، اثر اجرای سیاست هدفمندسازی یارانه­ها بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای ایرانی برای دوره زمانی 1391-1384، با استفاده از مدل لاجیت تحلیل و ارزیابی شد. پس از محاسبه مقدار انرژی دریافتی فرد بالغ با استفاده از اطلاعات هزینه- درآمد خانوار، به‌عنوان شاخصی از امنیت غذایی، مدل مطالعه حاضر برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین متغیر هدفمندسازی یارانه­ها و امنیت غذایی خانوارهای کشور ارتباط معکوسی برقرار است. با اجرای سیاست هدفمندسازی یارانه­ها، قیمت مواد غذایی افزایش و درآمد واقعی خانوارها کاهش یافته است. نتیجه این تغییرات، افزایش هزینه­های زندگی و کاهش سهم هزینه­های خوراک خانوارهاست. بنابراین، وضعیت خانوارها از لحاظ دسترسی به مواد غذایی به‌عنوان یکی از ابعاد امنیت غذا و تغذیه با توجه به کاهش سطح درآمد واقعی در شرایط نامناسبی قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پیرایی، خسرو و سید بهروز سیف (1389)، «تأثیر هدفمندسازی یارانه‌ها بر رفاه اجتماعی در ایران»، مجله پژوهشنامه مالیات، دوره جدید، شماره نهم، صص 82-61.
حیدری، خلیل، حسین کاوند و زورار پرمه (1386)، «تأثیر کاهش یارانه غذایی بر کالری دریافتی خانوارهای ایرانی»، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی رفاه اجتماعی، سال ششم، شماره 24، صص 175-159.
رحیمی، عباس و عباس کلانتری (1381)، «تحلیل و بررسی اقتصاد یارانه»، مؤسسه مطالعات و پژوهش­های بازرگانی، تهران.
 
Abdulai, A., and Aubert, D. (2004), “Nonparametric and Parametric Analysis of Calorie in Tanzania”, Food Policy, Vol. 29, pp. 113–129.
Abebaw, D., Yibeltal, F., and Belay, K. (2010), “The Impact of a Food Security Program on Household Food Consumption in Northwestern Ethiopia: A Matching Estimator Approach”, Food Policy 35 (2010) pp.286–293.
Adrin, J., and Daniel, R. (1976), “Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Consumption of Selected Food Nutrients in the United States”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 58, No. 1 (Feb., 1976), pp. 31-38.
Akerele, D. (2011), “Intra-household Food Distribution Patterns and Calorie Inadequacy in South-Western Nigeria”, journal of Consumer Studies 35. pp. 545-551
Akin, J. S., Guilkey, D. K., and Popkin, B. M. (1983), “The School Lunch Program and Nutrient Intake: A Switching Regression Analysis”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 65, No. 3 (Aug., 1983), pp. 477-485.
Anriquez, G., Daidone, S., and Mane, E. )2013(, “Rising Food Prices and Undernourishment: A Cross-Country Inquiry”, Food Policy 38, pp. 190–202.
Armolaran, A, B. (2004), “Household Income, Women’s Income Share and Food Calorie Intake in South Western Nigeria”, Food Policy, Vol. 29, pp. 507–530.
Babatunde, R, O., & Qaim, M. (2010), “Impact of Off-farm Income on Food Security and Nutrition in Nigeria”, Food Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 303–311.
Bashir, M. Kh., Schilizzi, S., and Pandit, R. (2012), Food Security and Its Determinants at the Cross Roads in Punjab Pakistan. Working Paper 1206, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, http://www.are.uwa.edu.au.
Behrman, J. R., and Deolalikar, A. B. (1990), “The Intra-Household Demand for Nutrients in Rural South India: Individual Estimates, Fixed Effects, and Permanent Income”, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 665-696.
Carletto, C., Zezza, A., and Banerjee, R. (2013), “Towards Better Measurement of Household Food Security: Harmonizing Indicators and the Role of Household Surveys”, Global Food Security 2 (2013) pp. 30 –40.
Cock, N. D,. Haese, M. D,. Vink, N., and Rooyen, C. J., Staelens, L., Schonfeldt, H. C., and Haese, L. D., (2013), “Food Security in Rural Areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa”, Food Security, Vol. 5, pp. 269–282.
Deitchler, M., Ballard, T., Swindale, A., and Coates, J. (2010), “Validation of a Measure of Household Hunger for Cross-Cultural Use”, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project (FANTA-2), AED, Washington, DC.
Dutta, B., and Ramaswani, B. (2004), “Reforming Food Subsidy Schemes: Estimating the Gains from Self-Targeting in India”, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi Planning Unit, Sansanwal Marg, New Delhi 110016, India.
FAO (1983),“World food Security: A Reappraisal of the Concepts and Approaches”, Director General’s Report. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; 1983.
Faradi, R., and Wadood, S. N. (2010), “An Econometric Assessment of Household Food Security in Bangladesh”, the Bangladesh Development Studies Vol. XXXIII, September 2010, No.3
Feleke, Sh., Kilmer, R. L., and Gladwin, Ch. H. (2005), “Determinants of Food Security in Southern Ethiopia at the Household level”, Agricultural Economics 33 (2005), pp. 351–363.
Fenging, N., Jieying, B., and Xuebiao, Zh. (2010), “Study on China’s Food Security Status”, Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, Vol. 1, pp. 301–310.
Gaiha, R., Jha, R., and Kulkarni, V. (2013), “Demand for Nutrients in India: 1993 to 2004”, Applied Economics, 45:14, pp. 1869-1886.
Geber, G. G. (2012), “Determinants of Food Insecurity among Households in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia”, Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 10 (2), pp.159-173.
Greene, W. H (2012), Econometrics Analysis, 7th ed, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
Heiman, A., and Lowengart, O. (2014), “Calorie Information Effects on Consumers' Food Choices: Sources of Observed Gender Heterogeneity”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67, pp. 964–973.
Judge, G. G., Hill, R. C., Griffiths, W., Lutkepohl, H., and Lee, T. C. (1982). Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Econometrics.
Migotto, M., Davis, B., Carletto, G., and Beegle, K. (2005). “Measuring Food Security Using Respondents’ Perception of Food Consumption Adequacy”, ESA Working Paper No. 05-10, www.fao.org/es/esa.
Mishra, V., and Ray, R. (2009), “Dietary Diversity, Food Security and Undernourishment: The Vietnamese Evidence”, Asian Economic Journal, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 225–247
Owusu, V., Abdulai, A., and Abdul-Rahman, S. (2011), “Non-farm Work and Food Security among Farm Households in Northern Ghana”, Food Policy 36 (2011) pp.108–118
Price, D. W., West, D. A., Scheier, G. E., and Price, D. Z. (1978), “Food Delivery Programs and Other Factors Affecting Nutrient Intake of Children”, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Nov., 1978), pp. 609-618.
Ramadan, R., and Thomas, A. (2011), “Evaluating the Impact of Reforming the Food Subsidy Program in Egypt: A Mixed Demand Approach”, Food Policy 36, pp. 638-646
Ramakrishna, G., and Demeke, A. (2002), “An Empirical Analysis of Food Insecurity in   Ethiopia, the case of North Wello”, Africa Development, 27.
Ramezani, C. A. (1995), “Determinants of Nutrient Demand: A Nonparametric Analysis”, Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 20(1), pp. 165-177.
Renzaho, A. M. N., and Mellor, D. (2010), “Food Security Measurement in Cultural Pluralism: Missing the Point or Conceptual Misunderstanding?” Nutrition. 2010 Jan; 26(1), pp. 1-9
Ruben, R., and Van Den Berg, M. (2001), “Nonfarm Employment and Poverty Alleviation of Rural Farm Households in Honduras”, World Development, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 549-560.
Scearce, W. K., and Jensen, R. B. (1979), “Food Stamp Program Effects on Availability of Food Nutrients for Low Income Families in the Southern Region of the United States”, Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, December 1979, pp. 113-120.
Smed, S., Jensen, J.D., Denver, S. (2007), “Socio-Economic Characteristics and the Effect of Taxation as a Health Policy Instrument”, Food Policy, 32(5-6), pp.624-39.
Smith, P. (2013), “Delivering Food Security without Increasing Pressure on land”, Global Food Security, Vol. 2, pp. 18-23.