Seyyed Safdar Hosseini; Mohammad Reza Bakhshi
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 1-13
Abstract
This Paper investigates impacts of macroeconomic variables on the demand for money in Iranian economy using an auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and the data for the period 1340-1382. The results indicate that there is a unique cointegrated and stable long-run equilibrium relationship between ...
Read More
This Paper investigates impacts of macroeconomic variables on the demand for money in Iranian economy using an auto regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and the data for the period 1340-1382. The results indicate that there is a unique cointegrated and stable long-run equilibrium relationship between the real demand for money and its determinants such as: real GDP, interest rate, and inflation rate. These results reveal that the demand for money in Iranian economy is more sensitive to the real GDP than to the other macroeconomic variables (long term interest rate and inflation rate). Moreover, the long-term income and inflation elasticity of money demand is 2.620 and 0.038, respectively. This shows that money demand function is more elastic with respect to long-term income and inelastic with respect to price level. Also, adjustment coefficient for money demand is estimated to be 0.19. This means that the adjustment process for money demand would take 5 years.
Homayoun Ranjbar; Seyed Komail Tayyebi; Rahman Khoshakhlagh
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 15-37
Abstract
The possible WTO membership of Iran not only depends on liberalizing the trade sector but also needs to meet the relevant conditions of a specific development process. To examine these conditions we specify an unconstrained first-order autoregressive model of the Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS), as ...
Read More
The possible WTO membership of Iran not only depends on liberalizing the trade sector but also needs to meet the relevant conditions of a specific development process. To examine these conditions we specify an unconstrained first-order autoregressive model of the Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS), as a long-run demand model, for Iran’s import allocation over foreign and domestic supplies of manufacturer.
In this paper, the structural stability of the AIDS model is tested by using time series data for the period 1993-2002. The significance of trade liberalization, proxied by a dummy variable over the period reveals both trade creation and trade diversion in the Iran’s imports
In addition, the conduction of different scenarios on reducing tariff, arising from the Iran’s fourth development program, over the ex-ante period 2003-2007 indicates that there is no structure break in the country’s import demand. The implication of this result is that a decrease in tariff through a relatively accelerated speed of adjustment can be utilized for the promotion of trade between Iran and her trading partners.
Mohammad Bagher Beheshti; Reza Sadighnia
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 39-60
Abstract
According to Kaldor, industry is an engine of economic growth. Following developed countries experiences, many developing countries have , selected industrialization strategy to boost their economic development. Iran was one of these countries that started industrialization policy in 1960s through an ...
Read More
According to Kaldor, industry is an engine of economic growth. Following developed countries experiences, many developing countries have , selected industrialization strategy to boost their economic development. Iran was one of these countries that started industrialization policy in 1960s through an import substitution strategy.
The objective of this paper is to test the Kaldor's Engine of Growth, KEG, in Iranian economy. We apply cointegration and Granger casualty methods to test the Kaldor’s hypothesis in Iran using the data for the period 1959-2000.
The main finding of the research confirms KEG in Iranian economy.
Bijan Baseri; Esfandiar Jahangard
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 61-85
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effects of technological changes on employment in the Iranian manufacturing industries. We estimate an empirical relationship between R&D spending as a proxy of technological change and skiledl and unskilled employment across the manufacturing industries. We use ...
Read More
In this paper, we investigate the effects of technological changes on employment in the Iranian manufacturing industries. We estimate an empirical relationship between R&D spending as a proxy of technological change and skiledl and unskilled employment across the manufacturing industries. We use the survey data on the four-digit large manufacturing industries for the period 1995-2000. In order to control for the heterogeneity among different industry groups, we use the multilevel model estimation. Our findings show a positive correlation of various measures of technology with the skill structure suggesting that technology is, on average, biased towards skilled labor. In other words, technological progress is complimentary with skilled labor and has a weak relation to unskilled employment in various activities.
Morteza Sameti; Rohollah Shahnazi; Zahra Deghan Shabani
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 87-105
Abstract
In this paper, factors affecting fiscal corruption, especially economic freedom, have been analyzed using three panel data models for 73 countries during 2000-2003. The results show three main components of economic freedom; i.e., legal structure and property rights, sound money and freedom ...
Read More
In this paper, factors affecting fiscal corruption, especially economic freedom, have been analyzed using three panel data models for 73 countries during 2000-2003. The results show three main components of economic freedom; i.e., legal structure and property rights, sound money and freedom to exchange with foreigners, have positive effect on fiscal corruption. Two other component of economic freedom, i.e., size of government and regulation in credit, business and labor markets, have not significant effects on fiscal corruption.
Ali Emami Meibodi
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 107-122
Abstract
The crude oil price has shown some drastic changes since 1950. In a competitive or monopoly market one would expect that the real price to rise steadily as the marginal cost rises, not to jump sharply. Is it possible to explain these large movements in the oil prices on the basis of economic theory of ...
Read More
The crude oil price has shown some drastic changes since 1950. In a competitive or monopoly market one would expect that the real price to rise steadily as the marginal cost rises, not to jump sharply. Is it possible to explain these large movements in the oil prices on the basis of economic theory of resource depletion? If we can understand the real reasons of the past oil price movements, we can hope to be able to foresee what may happen in the future.
In this paper, the Hotelling-type model (Robinson, 1975 & Ulph, 1984) has been applied to analyse the factors effecting oil price movements.
Mohammadali Falahi; Vahideh Ahmadi
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 123-137
Abstract
Using Battese and Coelli (1992) Error Component Frontier Model, the cost function of four electricity distribution companies in KhorasanProvince is estimated by maximum likelihood method for the period 1372-1381. The results indicate that load factor and customer density are negatively whereas ...
Read More
Using Battese and Coelli (1992) Error Component Frontier Model, the cost function of four electricity distribution companies in KhorasanProvince is estimated by maximum likelihood method for the period 1372-1381. The results indicate that load factor and customer density are negatively whereas number of distributed electricity is positively correlated with costs of the companies. In addition, based on estimated coefficients of cost model, there is diseconomies of scale in the electricity distribution companies. Estimated average efficiency cost is 3.98 which denotes high inefficiency in cost allocation of the companies.
mansour Zarra Nezhad; Ebrahim Anvaari
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 139-168
Abstract
The most important issue concerning housing supply is that how people rank different attributes of a House. This evaluation can be measured by estimating housing price function. In order to examine the consumer’s evaluation, a hedonic price model has been applied using the panel data model including ...
Read More
The most important issue concerning housing supply is that how people rank different attributes of a House. This evaluation can be measured by estimating housing price function. In order to examine the consumer’s evaluation, a hedonic price model has been applied using the panel data model including the cross section observations on five municipality regions of the city of Ahvaz over years 1997-2003. The goal of this research is to determine the leading physical and environmental factor affecting the housing price in Ahvaz. To this end two panel data unit root tests and two cointegration tests for panel data as well as GLS estimation method have been conducted. The estimation has been carried out separately for three kinds of houses: Apartment, villa and others types.The empirical results reveal that the physical factors are the most important determinants of the demand for housing attributes and have the most effect on housing price as a whole. The environmental attributes take second place. The same is true for apartment, but it is just the reveres for villa. Being close to a street with a width of 4-10 meters is among the most important attributes affecting housing price in these two kinds of houses.
Seyed Shamseddin Hosseini; Ehsan Ehtiyati
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 169-193
Abstract
The competitiveness assessment of products for a country can be done by measuring advantage indicators. The concept of advantage in international trade, has been developed in accordance with circumstances, meanwhile the measurement indicators of advantage have evolved. In this regard, due to the important ...
Read More
The competitiveness assessment of products for a country can be done by measuring advantage indicators. The concept of advantage in international trade, has been developed in accordance with circumstances, meanwhile the measurement indicators of advantage have evolved. In this regard, due to the important role of methanol in the Iranian petrochemical investment, Production (7/5 million tons in 2009) and export (255 millions, in 2004), this article concentrates on measuring Iran's advantage in methanol products.
In this line, the evolution of advantage theories, from traditional (comparative advantage) to modern (competitive advantage) will be presented. Then, the indicators of comparative advantage and competitive advantage will be introduced. To calculate Iran's methanol products competitive advantage, four indicators including DRC, RCA, CMS and TM are measured .DRC is less than unit , meaning that Iran's Methanol Products have comparative advantage. RCA is obtained more than unit , indicating that methanol products are able to compete in international trade. CMS shows that, competitiveness of Iran's methanol products are increasing and TM indicates that Iran's methanol products belong to winners group in a progressive markets. Therefore, the findings indicate that, not only on the base of domestic resource opportunity cost criteria, but also by considering trade information, Iran's methanol products benefit from competitiveness or competitive advantage. Finally, factors affecting competitive advantage of Iran's methanol are analyzed in the Porter's framework.
Mohammad Reza Abedin; Mitra Rahmani; Hossein Mohammad Saeid
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, Pages 195-217
Abstract
In this paper, the trade potentials between Iran and GCC are identified by employing gravity models. Moreover, the Comparative Advantage Index of Iran and GCC countries are calculated from 1997 to 2001.
The result of this study shows that Iran can increase its exports to the GCC countries ...
Read More
In this paper, the trade potentials between Iran and GCC are identified by employing gravity models. Moreover, the Comparative Advantage Index of Iran and GCC countries are calculated from 1997 to 2001.
The result of this study shows that Iran can increase its exports to the GCC countries to 652 million US$ and also raise its imports to 642 million US$, implying significant differences between trade potentials and trade performances.
