Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Master of Theoretical Economics, Department of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Abstract
Economic growth and development, as the primary goal of every country, play a crucial role in enhancing the living conditions of communities and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, efforts to achieve this goal, and consequently increase per capita income, can ensure the improvement of both the economic and social conditions of the nation's population. However, natural and political crises can pose significant obstacles to reaching these objectives. The occurrence of natural disasters and the imposition of economic sanctions may have devastating effects on economic growth and development, leading to a decline in per capita income. This study aims to investigate the effects of economic sanctions and natural disasters on non-oil per capita income in Iran during the period from 1980 to 2022, utilizing the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares estimator. The results indicate that, in the long term, increases in natural disasters and economic sanctions have contributed to a decrease in per capita income in Iran. Additionally, environmental innovation and the interaction between innovation and natural disasters positively influence per capita income. Other findings also reveal that factors such as the labor force, physical capital, and trade openness have improved per capita income in the country. Based on these results, it is recommended to implement appropriate programs and policies to address sanctions and natural disasters, promote environmental innovations, and strengthen the formation of fixed capital and labor force in Iran to ensure the improvement and increase of the country's per capita income.
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