Economic Development
mohaddaseh soleimani; Aliasghar Banouei; Esfandiar Jahangard; teymor mohamadi
Abstract
Innovation and technological changes spans various geographical locations over the time.The inability of Input-Output models in measuring the effects of technology changes, caused by new innovations, is known as a weakness of these models. In this article, we show how this weakness can be addressed by ...
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Innovation and technological changes spans various geographical locations over the time.The inability of Input-Output models in measuring the effects of technology changes, caused by new innovations, is known as a weakness of these models. In this article, we show how this weakness can be addressed by employing the fields of influence method. Technology changes are modeled as changes of one or more elements in the direct coefficients matrix and the impact of such changes in the Leontief matrix is measured. Here is the main question: Does the technology changes only impact a limited sector or the entire economical system? In other words, how would technology changes in one sector impact other sectors of economic system? The main goal in this paper is proposing a method which can measure how different sectors get impacted by changes at different levels such as one element, all elements, one row or one column and then evaluates the importance of different sectors. To this aim, Iran’s Input-Output tables over the period of 1365-1395 with the fixed price of Iran’s statistics center in 1390 is used. The impact of technology changes on each sector is measured using Leontief’s inverse matrix and the column field of influence approach (CFOI) approach. Our findings indicate that over this period of time, technological changes in the industry and then construction sectors have the most influence and the mining sector has the least influence on other sectors of Iran’s economy.
Economic Development
mahya allahgholi; Farshad Moameni
Abstract
Considering the economic complexity index as a development index due to its greater estimation power in predicting economic growth and income inequality compared to similar indices, along with shortcomings such as the inability to express the difference in the complexity levels of economies, it makes ...
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Considering the economic complexity index as a development index due to its greater estimation power in predicting economic growth and income inequality compared to similar indices, along with shortcomings such as the inability to express the difference in the complexity levels of economies, it makes the theoretical model to explain this index inevitable. In the social orders approach, the type of social order is mentioned as the difference between developed and developing economies, and in this article an attempt has been made to identified determinants of this index. In this study by descriptive analytical method the state of property rights, the business environment and the type of people`s access to organizations are known as three variables affecting this index. analyzing Iran`s economic complexity index during 10-period (2010-2020) and three indexes, international property rights, ease of doing business and economic freedom, respectively as an estimation of those variables, shows that the international property rights index has a stronger positive relationship with the economic complexity index than the other two indices.
Economic Development
Hossein Rajabpour; Farshad Momeni; Ali Nasiri Aghdam
Abstract
This article considers the effect of fiscal policy on inclusive development. Inclusive development is one of the concepts that has been introduced in the development economics literature in the last decade and especially with emphasis on the social and political aspects of development, the distribution ...
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This article considers the effect of fiscal policy on inclusive development. Inclusive development is one of the concepts that has been introduced in the development economics literature in the last decade and especially with emphasis on the social and political aspects of development, the distribution of development achievements among different sections of society is in focus. Since fiscal policies are one of the main instruments of the government to eliminate deprivation and imbalances, it is important to understand the effectiveness of these policies in this regard. In this study, the components of fiscal policy include the combination of expenditures and revenues and its effect on inclusive development in the period 1981-2018 in the form of two models of structural vector auto-regression has been studied. Findings show that most components of government fiscal policy except economic expenditures do not have a significant effect on the index of inclusive development and these economic expenditures have a negative impact on inclusive development. The results show that the government's fiscal policies have failed to achieve or accelerate inclusive development, and despite its legal mission, the government has not been successful in comprehensive expanding welfare and extending it to all social groups. Historical analysis also shows that since the beginning of the 2010s and with the intensification of sanctions and currency fluctuations, the relationship between fiscal policy and the index of inclusive development has been weakened. It seems that the reform of the budgeting process and the simultaneous attention to the two constraints of equality and sustainability in growth and development targeting for fiscal policy on inclusive development is essential.
Economic Development
Behrooz Shahmoradi; Mojgan Samandar Ali Eshtehardi
Abstract
Economic complexity is a concept that is used to express the ability of countries to produce complex products through the proper construction of technology structures in order to collect its diverse technologies and apply them. In this article, by using economic complexity approach, we aimed to identify ...
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Economic complexity is a concept that is used to express the ability of countries to produce complex products through the proper construction of technology structures in order to collect its diverse technologies and apply them. In this article, by using economic complexity approach, we aimed to identify the products in Iran’s technological capabilities frontier that leads the country to produce more diverse and complex products. For this purpose, by using four-digit SITC classification data, 86 products were identified. By producing and exporting them, the country can reach a higher accumulation of technological capabilities and thus a higher degree of diversification and economic complexity. Also, according to three criteria, the total number of competitors, the volume of world trade and the number of importing countries from selected products, 16 products in the world and 11 products in the region were picked up as the products in priority.
