Mohammad Gholi Yousefee; Hamidreza Arbab
Volume 2, Issue 7 , February 2001, Pages 9-40
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the Prospects of Economic Cooperation of ECO member countries through trade intensity, trade complementarity and trade bias indices. This study examined how the members, are serious in their economic integration and to what extent they can meet the needs and requirements ...
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The purpose of this paper is to study the Prospects of Economic Cooperation of ECO member countries through trade intensity, trade complementarity and trade bias indices. This study examined how the members, are serious in their economic integration and to what extent they can meet the needs and requirements of ECO member countries.The result shoes that trade intensity between Iran and Turkey is higher compared with other countries, however, export intensity of Turkey to Iran is higher than the value of this indice for Iran's export to Turkey.Trade intensity of Iran and Pakistan is higher than the average of this indice for the world trade. However, this indice has the minimum value for trade intensity of Iran and Pakistan. For other countries this indice does not seem to be important. Our estimate of Trade Complementarity indice shows that it is more important for trade between Iran and Pakistan and relatively much less in other countries. For other ECO member countries either the data were not available or the result was not very significant.The indice of country's trade bias shoes that Iran's tendency to trade with Pakistan and Turkey is more than the trade orientation of those countries' with Iran. This indicates that these two countries have relatively more access to Iran's market as compared to Iran's access to those countries' markets. In other words, it shows that Iran's trade preference to trade with ECO member countries is much higher than those countries' trade preferences the trade with Iran. This implies that in order that ECO becomes successful, member countries have to take necessary steps to orient their trade policies towords member countries and taking economic and trade integration more seriously.
Kambiz Hojabr Kiani; Iraj Rahmani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , February 2001, Pages 41-66
Abstract
After The Islamic Revolution in Iran, inflation became one of the most important problems. in the Iranian economy between 1978 and 1997 average inflation rate was above 20% while average rate of economic growth was only about 1.8%.This paper analyzes the relationship between real money and inflation ...
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After The Islamic Revolution in Iran, inflation became one of the most important problems. in the Iranian economy between 1978 and 1997 average inflation rate was above 20% while average rate of economic growth was only about 1.8%.This paper analyzes the relationship between real money and inflation in the demand schedule for money that Cagan used in his famous study of hyperinflation (1956).The results of this research suggest that Cagan's model of money demand with adaptive expectation hypothesis does indeed provide an adequate explanation of the salient features of the inflationary and monetary experiences of Iran between 1978 and 1997.It appears that unstable growth of money causes instability in price levels. Also the results show that monetary policies in Iran over the selected periods weren't in effect tantamount in maximization of the int1ation tax revenues.
Mansour Mohamadi Dinani; Hossein Akbari
Volume 2, Issue 7 , February 2001, Pages 67-78
Abstract
Demand side policy effectiveness on potable water consumption in Kerman is investigated by estimating demand function using 1998-99 panel data. Results show that water demand is price inelastic (-0.15 through -0.22). Income elasticity of demand (0.11-0.025) indicates that water is an essential good in ...
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Demand side policy effectiveness on potable water consumption in Kerman is investigated by estimating demand function using 1998-99 panel data. Results show that water demand is price inelastic (-0.15 through -0.22). Income elasticity of demand (0.11-0.025) indicates that water is an essential good in the budget of households in Kerman Additionally economies of scale (household members) shows that one member increase to household will decrease. 0.72 cubic meter per capita water consumption per month. The results show that the size of the residence has a positive significant effect but the use of sprinkling doesn't have any significant effect on per capita water consumption.
Mahnoosh Abdollah Milani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , February 2001, Pages 79-100
Abstract
One of the most important objectives of implementing social security systems is income redistribution and poverty alleviation among the members of the society, that is accompanied with other policies to improve income distribution.Among different strategies of social security, social insurance ...
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One of the most important objectives of implementing social security systems is income redistribution and poverty alleviation among the members of the society, that is accompanied with other policies to improve income distribution.Among different strategies of social security, social insurance has a special priority and covers a large share of the society. Since old age and disability is certain to occur in everyone's normal life, therefore the issue of pensioners' income is important for both pensioners and the society at large.This paper uses the household budget survey of the Iran Statistic Center to study the households with a pensioner head and to compare this group with urban households, using distribution measures and indices.The results show that, in average, headcount ratio between households with a pensioner head is less than the urban households.The annual per capita expenditure in former group is higher than the latter one, and are not income distribution between pensioners improved in years, but results show a better situation for urban households.
Seyed Komeyl Tayebi; Mahdi Jamshidian; Seyed Hossein Madani
Volume 2, Issue 7 , February 2001, Pages 101-120
Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of financial rewards on the production process of hot rolling mill in Mobarekeh Steel Complex. The authors hypothesize that the policy of financial rewards granting to personnel plays a positive and significant role to a certain extent in production effectiveness. ...
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This paper examines the effectiveness of financial rewards on the production process of hot rolling mill in Mobarekeh Steel Complex. The authors hypothesize that the policy of financial rewards granting to personnel plays a positive and significant role to a certain extent in production effectiveness. It also postulates that rises in direct labour time, electricity and gas energies as well as machinery equipment and materials lead to an improvement in steel products that will be accepted by quality control unit and met with customer satisfaction.To analyze the impacts of such determinants on production, an econometric Cobb-Douglas production model is specified and estimated using monthly data over the period of 1372:1-1376:12.A dummy variable is employed in the model to indicate the effect of financial rewards on the production process, defining a policy for two separate periods in which workers mayor may not benefit from such rewards. Estimation results confirm that the hypothesis cannot be rejected and all explanatory variables have direct impacts on the dependant production variable.Finally, a scenario of a 10 percent increase in the direct labor time, as an alternative policy, is conducted to show its effect on the model through a simulation procedure. Results reveal that the production process of the hot rolling mill in Mobarekeh Steel Complex is substantially influenced.
