International economy
Farhad Khodadad Kashi; Soheila Mirzababazadeh; Somayeh Shahhoseini; Siyavash Jani
Abstract
The experience of some countries indicates that export has been an important factor in economic growth and its sustainability. Cost advantage, knowledge and innovation are the factors that affect export. Cost advantage in turn depends on various factors such as learning by doing. Learning leads to the ...
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The experience of some countries indicates that export has been an important factor in economic growth and its sustainability. Cost advantage, knowledge and innovation are the factors that affect export. Cost advantage in turn depends on various factors such as learning by doing. Learning leads to the expansion of international trade and economic growth by reducing production costs and creating a competitive advantage. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate learning by doing and investigating its impact on industrial exports at four-digit ISIC codes level during 2011 to 2015. For this purpose, three different indicators have been operationalized to quantify learning and three export supply models have been estimated using panel data technique. Obtained results indicate that in all three models, learning by doing has a positive and significant effect on export supply. In other words, the effect of learning on exports is not sensitive to the way of offering operational definition. Also, the variables of trade openness, research and development costs and human capital all have positive and significant effects on the export of four-digit ISIC code industries.
Efficiency and Productivity Approaches
Mohammad Gholi Yousefi; Hamid Amadeh; Shima Sangsari
Abstract
In this paper we have tried to evaluate efficiency and productivity performance of Iranian manufacturing industries during the period 1995-2015. For this purpose we have used the data of Iranian two digits manufacturing Industries based on ISIC classification and used technique of Data Envelopment Analysis ...
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In this paper we have tried to evaluate efficiency and productivity performance of Iranian manufacturing industries during the period 1995-2015. For this purpose we have used the data of Iranian two digits manufacturing Industries based on ISIC classification and used technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malamquist Index. To compare the relative performance of manufacturing industries, we have then compared this performance of Iranian industries with an ideal Index which we have constructed based on the average performance of the three developed industrialized economies of USA, Germany and Japan. The result shows that not only productivity and efficiency of Iranian manufacturing industries are very low in almost all the branches in absolute terms, but also inefficiency are more pronounced when compared with our estimated ideal Index. Our disaggregation of efficiencies performance also shows that in almost all industrial branches allocative inefficiency is much higher than technical inefficiencies, indicating that , government macroeconomic mismanagement leads to inflationary pressures and high costs.
freidoon salimi; Teimour Mohammadi; JAMSHID PZHOYAN; farhad ghaffari
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the technical, scale and technological efficiencies and also the changes in Partial and total factor productivities of provincial centers of Islamic Azad University. The methods used are DEA, Malmquist Index and a new approached known as truncated bootstrapped regression. ...
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The aim of this paper is to study the technical, scale and technological efficiencies and also the changes in Partial and total factor productivities of provincial centers of Islamic Azad University. The methods used are DEA, Malmquist Index and a new approached known as truncated bootstrapped regression. The results indicate that out of 30 units of centers in the study, only 3 units are Fully efficient: Kermanshah, central Tehran and Yazd. For the periods under study (2010 and 2016), the productivity growths for all units have been positive and 18 units had TFP changes greater than one. The study revealed that environmental factors have effects on efficiency and productivity. Specifically, one percent increase in the ratio of the number ofthe professors and associate professors to total members will increase the efficiency by a factor of 0.89 percent. An increase in the age of unit and being in the metropolitan area increase the efficiency by the amount of 0.04 and 0.01 percent respectively.
Ahmad Sadraei Javaheri
Volume 18, Issue 57 , February 2014, , Pages 85-95
Abstract
The paper studies the changes of total factor productivity forall Iranian Insurance companies for the period 2003-2009. In order to measure the changes in productivity, data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is applied. DEA method is used to estimate output oriented Malmquist productivity index. To determine ...
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The paper studies the changes of total factor productivity forall Iranian Insurance companies for the period 2003-2009. In order to measure the changes in productivity, data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is applied. DEA method is used to estimate output oriented Malmquist productivity index. To determine effective factors on the total factor productivity growth of insurance companies tobit regression is used. The results of the study confirm the positive effect of liberalization policy adopted by government on productivity growth. The results also indicate that dimension and the field of activity have significant positive effect on productivity growth.
Fatemeh Kalantar Mahjerdi; Shahnaz Nayebzadeh; Mahmood Moeinoddin
Volume 18, Issue 54 , April 2013, , Pages 153-180
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate productivity and efficiency of intellectual capital of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange through Data Envelopment Analysis approach and Malm-quist productivity index. In this study, the automotive industry and component manufacturers listed in Tehran Stock ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate productivity and efficiency of intellectual capital of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange through Data Envelopment Analysis approach and Malm-quist productivity index. In this study, the automotive industry and component manufacturers listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were chosen as pilot, and intellectual capital (human, physical, and structural capital) index was used as input index; stock return, return on assets, and return on equity were utilized as output variables for fifteen companies of this industry between 2006 and 2010. Results from the efficiency of intellectual capital indicated that throughout the years of assessment in this study, it was only a -brake- pad company that had the best performance among the selected companies; this was due to the fact that this company had been able to gain the maximum performance of intellectual capital in the assessed years. Results from the productivity of intellectual capital indicated that in the years between 2006 and 2010, except Saipa, Bahman Group, Zamyad which had a value smaller than 1 for the average productivity rate of their intellectual capital in the investigated growth range, this value was positive for the rest of the selected companies.
Vahid Mehrabani
Volume 15, Issue 45 , February 2011, , Pages 199-220
Abstract
Regulations making is one of the forms of government interventions in economy. Regulations can change business environment and hence employment, production and productivity. Labor Law is one of the important forms of regulations in Iran that was modified in 1369 in favour of labor. Some studies show ...
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Regulations making is one of the forms of government interventions in economy. Regulations can change business environment and hence employment, production and productivity. Labor Law is one of the important forms of regulations in Iran that was modified in 1369 in favour of labor. Some studies show that the reduction of labor demand in industry has been the outcome of this amendment. We estimate the labor productivity in the Iranian Industries using the fixed effect method. The results of current study suggest that the amended labor law has increased productivity of all industries but wood industry.
Fatemeh Ziba
Volume 10, Issue 34 , April 2008, , Pages 179-200
Abstract
It is argued that economic regulation of prices and conditions of public utilities improves efficiency and the quality of services. A Regulatory reform requires a regulatory body in place to set the rule of the game and to monitor the behavior of the firms engaged in the reform. The regulator's main ...
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It is argued that economic regulation of prices and conditions of public utilities improves efficiency and the quality of services. A Regulatory reform requires a regulatory body in place to set the rule of the game and to monitor the behavior of the firms engaged in the reform. The regulator's main task is to calculate the optimal prices and the level of cost-reducing effort for the firm and to instruct the firms to implement this solution. It is assumed that the result would furnish an environment in which competition will be flourished and accordingly efficiency and the quality of services will be improved. This study investigates regulatory reform in Iranian Electricity Distribution Industry (IEDI) and its impact on efficiency. To this end, efficiency in IEDI is estimated using DEA method and Malemquist index. Finally, price caps in EDI are calculated.
Hossein Abbasi Nejad; Hossein Kavand
Volume 9, Issue 31 , July 2007, , Pages 55-75
Abstract
Existence of unit root in logarithm of real GDP can be a sign of random walk with drift process in potential output. In this respect, the time growth rate of the potential output can be estimated as a proxy for productivity in state- space form. For this purpose, at first potential output and GDP gap ...
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Existence of unit root in logarithm of real GDP can be a sign of random walk with drift process in potential output. In this respect, the time growth rate of the potential output can be estimated as a proxy for productivity in state- space form. For this purpose, at first potential output and GDP gap have been simultaneously estimated with Kalman Filter algorithm. Then, the results of the potential output and production cycle have been compared with the results of Hodrick- Prescott and Baxter-King approaches. The three methods have confirmed the increase in the economic stability in recent years. To take into account the oil price shock effects on government income, we incorporate the productivity into the model as a random walk process. This makes it possible to estimate productivity time services for the period 1367 (1988):Q1-1384 (2005):Q4. Our findings show that productivity in recent years has enjoyed a slow but positive trend and is somewhat stable.
Alireza Kazerooni; Ali Reza Mohammadi
Volume 9, Issue 31 , July 2007, , Pages 127-150
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to estimate the relationship between the real wage rates and labor productivity in the industrial sector of Iran over the period 1979-2002. The empirical results obtained form the ARDL estimation model confirm a long run (co-integrated) relationship between the ...
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The main objective of this paper is to estimate the relationship between the real wage rates and labor productivity in the industrial sector of Iran over the period 1979-2002. The empirical results obtained form the ARDL estimation model confirm a long run (co-integrated) relationship between the real wage rate and the productivity along side with other variables in the model where the labor productivity has a positive impact on real wage rate, but is not significant statistically. Also, the Granger test demonstrates that there is no causality link between these two variables. In fact, other factors, including the government domination on the major industrial units (by setting an administrated wage rates), labor laws, and lack of effective labor unions have led to an inflexible wage rate system.
Ali Hossein Samadi; Ali Haghighat; Kazem Aminzadeh
Volume 8, Issue 27 , July 2006, , Pages 65-87
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the long –run relationship between inflation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the Iranian economy during 1338-1380. For this purpose, we use Gregory –Hansen (1996) Cointegration test. Our Study proceeds at the following steps. 1. We set up a multivariate model ...
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In this paper, we analyze the long –run relationship between inflation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the Iranian economy during 1338-1380. For this purpose, we use Gregory –Hansen (1996) Cointegration test. Our Study proceeds at the following steps. 1. We set up a multivariate model for the analysis of the long-run relationship between inflation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) 2. We test the unit root properties of data, and the long-run relationship between variables in the presence of structural breaks. 3. We estimate endogenously the break point data. Our results from cointegration tests and dynamic ordinary least square estimator show that there is a negative relationship between inflation and productivity.
Abbas Shakeri
Volume 6, Issue 21 , February 2005, , Pages 23-50
Abstract
The purpose of this paper has been to estimate the impact of price and non-price variables on non-oil exports of Iran. The non-oil exports are considred to be a function of monetary variables, such as the exchange rate, inflation rate, and two non-price variables, as productivity and competitiveness. ...
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The purpose of this paper has been to estimate the impact of price and non-price variables on non-oil exports of Iran. The non-oil exports are considred to be a function of monetary variables, such as the exchange rate, inflation rate, and two non-price variables, as productivity and competitiveness. We use the ARDL technique to estimate the relation. The results indicate that the non-price variables play a significant role in promoting non-oil exports in Iran. Free exchange rate and inflation rate, though had positive sign, are not very important. These findings indicate that in order to increase the non-oil exports, Iran has to remove the constraints on the efficient functioning of price variables and emphasis more on "productivity" and "competitiveness".
