International economy
Farhad Khodadad Kashi; Soheila Mirzababazadeh; Somayeh Shahhoseini; Siyavash Jani
Abstract
The experience of some countries indicates that export has been an important factor in economic growth and its sustainability. Cost advantage, knowledge and innovation are the factors that affect export. Cost advantage in turn depends on various factors such as learning by doing. Learning leads to the ...
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The experience of some countries indicates that export has been an important factor in economic growth and its sustainability. Cost advantage, knowledge and innovation are the factors that affect export. Cost advantage in turn depends on various factors such as learning by doing. Learning leads to the expansion of international trade and economic growth by reducing production costs and creating a competitive advantage. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate learning by doing and investigating its impact on industrial exports at four-digit ISIC codes level during 2011 to 2015. For this purpose, three different indicators have been operationalized to quantify learning and three export supply models have been estimated using panel data technique. Obtained results indicate that in all three models, learning by doing has a positive and significant effect on export supply. In other words, the effect of learning on exports is not sensitive to the way of offering operational definition. Also, the variables of trade openness, research and development costs and human capital all have positive and significant effects on the export of four-digit ISIC code industries.
Jamshid Pazhoyan; Marjan Faghih nasiri
Volume 13, Issue 38 , April 2009, , Pages 97-132
Abstract
The economic growth rate is an important issue which concerns most of the economic intellectuals, because the economic Growth rate is one of the most important factors which have effect on the human Social welfare. But in spite of the importance of economic growth rate, determining different factors ...
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The economic growth rate is an important issue which concerns most of the economic intellectuals, because the economic Growth rate is one of the most important factors which have effect on the human Social welfare. But in spite of the importance of economic growth rate, determining different factors affecting on growth of a country still are mysterious and to some extent controversial. trade strategy, among the others, is one of the most important explanatory variables of growth. One the other hand, the effect of trade on growth is considered as one of the most important topics in growth and trade literature. From an economic point of view, The most important opinions of advantage is documented and during the evolution of advantage-based theories, The Theory of Competitive advantage and competitiveness, had introduced , Since the and of The Year 1990. We decided to examine the impact of competitiveness on economic growth. To provide a composite measure of competitiveness, caring the sources of competitiveness, we focused on the effectiveness of above mentioned measures on different elements of production function. So, we introduced three indices of labor force, capital and technology competitiveness, then we calculated these measures for 57 countries during the period of 1995-2003 and countries in to four groups based on income levels according to the world bank classification. Finally, the estimation of model would have done (by considering above measures). Three functional forms of the production function were suggested regarding the different forms of technology (labor-augmenting technological progress, capital- augmenting technological progress and Hicks-Neutral form). Then using a panel data regression model, the strong and positive relationship, had been confirmed.
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Hassan Kalbasi; Vali Gerivani
Volume 5, Issue 17 , February 2004, , Pages 99-124
Abstract
The issue of Iran’s Accession to WTO has been widely discussed in academic, business and political cycles of the nation Significant questions have been raised from industrialists and policy makers, as to the efficiency and competitiveness of new Iranian firms, and their comparative ...
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The issue of Iran’s Accession to WTO has been widely discussed in academic, business and political cycles of the nation Significant questions have been raised from industrialists and policy makers, as to the efficiency and competitiveness of new Iranian firms, and their comparative advantages in the world market. The role of government policies for promotion of competitive industries has also been discussed.
So, this paper presents a method which draws on economic theory to measure cost competitiveness and its sources at the firm and industry levels. The concept of competitiveness that we use in the present study is one of cost competitiveness as measured by unit cost ratio. In other words, a firm or an industry is deemed to be competitive if its unit costs are less than or equal to the unit costs of its domestic or international rivals before or after joining to WTO.
Also this study focuses on the sources of competitive advantage. Two types of them are distinguished: first, the real sources of competitiveness such as factor productivity and factor abundance, which many lead to comparative advantage, and second, various price distortions of products and factors of productions, which may either enhance or diminish competitiveness. To do so we measure and analyze the cost competitiveness of “Mobarake Steel Complex”. We will measure the cost competitiveness of this company in aggregate level at first step, and for every product at the second step.
