Institutional economy
Parviz Mohammadzadeh; Yavar Ahmadpour
Abstract
The repeated failure of structural adjustment policies in Iran has challenged the prevailing belief in their effectiveness. This paper adopts a problem-oriented approach, considering local conditions, to examine the economic roots of the shock therapy policy and its consequences for Iran’s economy ...
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The repeated failure of structural adjustment policies in Iran has challenged the prevailing belief in their effectiveness. This paper adopts a problem-oriented approach, considering local conditions, to examine the economic roots of the shock therapy policy and its consequences for Iran’s economy over the past three decades. By analyzing key factors influencing democracy—such as civil society, crises, revenue sources, inequality, the middle class, globalization, and the internet—it concludes that structural adjustment policies have weakened the foundations for democratic development.Given the socio-economic consequences of these policies, including poverty, unemployment, stagflation, and violence, their implementation has only been possible through undemocratic imposition. To enable participatory and democratic economic decision-making, this paper proposes several key measures: (1) acknowledging the crisis and taking responsibility; (2) establishing an autonomous bureaucracy and testing policy alternatives; (3) critically utilizing international experiences while exercising patience in national reforms; and (4) strengthening an organized society to counter the free-rider problem.Furthermore, the paper emphasizes that any transition planning must consider the logic of the natural state, which maintains a limited access order in decision-making and resource allocation. Without such awareness, conventional economic approaches may, in the name of transition, further entrench violence and disorder rather than facilitating progress.
Institutional economy
Mani Motameni; Hoda Zobeiri
Abstract
Economic complexity means the ability to produce a variety of products at the level of global competition. The importance of economic complexity in increasing the wealth and development of countries has been confirmed by studies and empirical evidence. The present study examines the relationship between ...
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Economic complexity means the ability to produce a variety of products at the level of global competition. The importance of economic complexity in increasing the wealth and development of countries has been confirmed by studies and empirical evidence. The present study examines the relationship between social technologies (ST) and economic complexity among 137 countries from 1998 to 2019. Social technology (ST) refers to all the methods, designs, and elements necessary (including institutions, structures, maps, processes, and cultural norms) for organizing individuals to achieve a specific goal or goals. The health and maturity of social technologies make it possible for economies to produce complex goods by integrating large amounts of knowledge, skills, capacity, and experience into complex networks of interactions. To investigate the possibility of a simultaneous relationship between the two variables, the PVAR model was used. The results of this study confirm the existence of a simultaneous and two-way relationship between the rule of law and economic complexity.
Institutional economy
Zohreh Rezapour; Mohsen Renani; Hadi Amiri
Abstract
Many of the common natural resources of the world are in critical conditions. The solution to this crisis is the development of effective management institutions. However, there is no consensus on these institutions. Some economists believe that creating a privately owned entity can solve the management ...
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Many of the common natural resources of the world are in critical conditions. The solution to this crisis is the development of effective management institutions. However, there is no consensus on these institutions. Some economists believe that creating a privately owned entity can solve the management problems of these resources. Others support the control of resources by the central government. Some institutionalists consider the local management strategy as the solution to this crisis. In this study, an empirical meta-analysis was performed to examine what solution the Iranian studies on the management of water (as a common natural resource) have favored more and what factors they have considered for its success or failure. For this purpose, about 120 articles were collected from the Database of National Publications (Magiran), Noor Specialized Magazines Website (Noormags), Scientific Information Database (SID) of ACECR, and Comprehensive Portal of Humanities using ‘water management’ as the keyword. Seventy-three of these articles were related to the subject of the current study. The results of this research showed that most of these studies (about 70%) used a local participatory management solution and in order to investigate the reasons for its success or failure, they paid more attention to physical factors than institutional rules and arrangements. Thirty percent of the studies supported the market or government solution. In conclusion, this study suggests that more comprehensive approaches such as Ostrom’s analysis be used in future studies to find the most appropriate management method and its effectiveness in analyses so that common resources such as water can be managed more efficiently.
