Majid Aghaei; Mahdieh Rezaghoizadeh
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of consumption of different kinds of energy carriers in Iran, which caused poverty and inequality in the process of economic, social and cultural development of countries. For this purpose, we use annual data from 1984 to 2010 through a simultaneous ...
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The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of consumption of different kinds of energy carriers in Iran, which caused poverty and inequality in the process of economic, social and cultural development of countries. For this purpose, we use annual data from 1984 to 2010 through a simultaneous equations model using Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) and Three-Stage Least Square (3SLS) estimators. The results indicate that the effect of various energy carriers on inequality is different. Gasoline consumption leads to inequality enhancement but natural gas and electricity consumption lead to inequality reduction. Fuel oil, kerosene and gasoil have the different effects on inequality due to different indexes of inequality. On the other hand, energy carrier consumption leads to poverty reduction and natural gas and electricity are more effective to reduce poverty. Thus, the direct effect of energy consumption on poverty is confirmed. Totally, the results indicate that the indirect effect of all energy carriers on poverty trough inequality reduction is not confirmed, though all energy carriers on economic growth has a positive effect, and the indirect effect of economic growth on poverty reduction is confirmed.
Hossein Raghfar; MirHossein Mousavi; Batool Azari Beni
Volume 18, Issue 56 , October 2013, , Pages 41-71
Abstract
Education is considered as a significant determinant of earnings inequality; however, there are sensible differences in the educational attainment for individuals. This paper examines absolute mobility between groups of educational levels and the persistency of inequality of opportunities in ...
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Education is considered as a significant determinant of earnings inequality; however, there are sensible differences in the educational attainment for individuals. This paper examines absolute mobility between groups of educational levels and the persistency of inequality of opportunities in the economy of Iran. For this purpose, Households’ Survey Data over 1988 to 2011 are used to organize pseudo-panel data and to estimate nonlinear dynamics of population in Iran. Our results reveal that the inequality opportunity between generations with higher education is less than that of between generations with lower education.Also inequality is decreasing over time, but its speed is very low.
Esmaiel Abounoori; Reza Abbasi Ghadi
Volume 9, Issue 30 , April 2007, , Pages 23-52
Abstract
Economic growth in addition to the direct income effect on poverty has an indirect distribution effect. The main purpose of this research is to estimate the net economic growth effect on poverty in Iran during the periods 1982-1988, the first socio-economic development plan (1989-1993), the second plan ...
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Economic growth in addition to the direct income effect on poverty has an indirect distribution effect. The main purpose of this research is to estimate the net economic growth effect on poverty in Iran during the periods 1982-1988, the first socio-economic development plan (1989-1993), the second plan (1995-1999), and a part of the third plan (2000-2001). The results indicate that poverty increased during 1982-1988. Decomposing poverty shows that the reduction in inequality alleviated the level of poverty due to the economic recession. This implies that the reduction in the share of the lower income groups were relatively smaller than that of the higher income groups. Although the poverty increased in this period,, the poor has suffered less relative to the rich. In general, throughout the economic plans era, growth has not been pro-poor, except in the third development plan; the increase in the share of higher income groups has always been relatively more than that of the lower income groups.
Khosrow Piraee; Azadeh Ghana'atian
Volume 8, Issue 29 , February 2007, , Pages 113-141
Abstract
Economic growth and poverty alleviation have been among the most important government policies in Iran for the past three decades. This paper examines the effect of economic growth on the poverty reduction in Iran using various methodologies and approaches for the period 1995-2003 Main findings of the ...
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Economic growth and poverty alleviation have been among the most important government policies in Iran for the past three decades. This paper examines the effect of economic growth on the poverty reduction in Iran using various methodologies and approaches for the period 1995-2003 Main findings of the paper show that poverty incidence in urban and rural areas of Iran has declined, however, the intensity of poverty has declined in urban, but increased in rural areas. Furthermore, measurements of indices such as the poverty incidence,, poverty-growth curves, and the poverty equivalent growth indicate that economic growth in most years has been weakly pro-poor in both urban and rural areas, confirming the trickle down effect of growth.
