Information and communication technology economy
Esfandiar Jahangard; Teymour Mohammadi; Ali Asghar Salem; Forough Esmaeily Sadrabadi
Abstract
The question that is considered by researchers in the field of knowledge-based economy is that among the factors affecting intangible investment, does information and communication technology have a heavier weight than the rest of the factors? In this study, using the Corrado,Hulten and Sichel (CHS) ...
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The question that is considered by researchers in the field of knowledge-based economy is that among the factors affecting intangible investment, does information and communication technology have a heavier weight than the rest of the factors? In this study, using the Corrado,Hulten and Sichel (CHS) approach, the measurement of intangible investment is calculated. In their research, intangible investment has been divided into three major parts: computer information, innovative assets, and economic competencies. Then these three components are divided into nine parts. In this article, we select the component of information and communication technology, which is the first component of intangible transitory capital, and its effect on Total Factor Productivity(TFP) has been investigated. The field of study is manufacturing industries with a four-digit economic activity classification code for employees of ten and above during the years 1996 to 2018. Using panel data and GMM, the productivity function was estimated for manufacturing industries. The results of this research show that ICT has a significant role on the productivity of all production factors, and its coefficient is higher than other intangible investment components.
International economy
Samira Motaghi; Anahita Saifi; Salah Ebrahimi
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between trade openness and inflation in selected developing and developed countries from 1990 to 2017 using a Panel data approach for testing Romer's hypothesis of relationship between inflation index and Trade Openness. The results of the paper ...
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The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between trade openness and inflation in selected developing and developed countries from 1990 to 2017 using a Panel data approach for testing Romer's hypothesis of relationship between inflation index and Trade Openness. The results of the paper show that the Romer hypothesis is rejected in both the studied groups (developed and developing). The results showed that the effect of trade openness on inflation rate was positive and significant in both groups. But the impact of trade openness on inflation has been greater in developing countries. The effect of money supply on inflation was positive and significant in both groups. According to other results of this study, GDP had a significant and negative effect on inflation. Also, the exchange rate has not been a determinant of inflation in developed countries but in developing countries it has had a positive effect on inflation.
Bayram Pakravan
Abstract
The impact of world economic competitiveness on the welfare of people and on economic development is undeniable. The present study examines the effect of good governance indicators on the global competitiveness index of the economy in selected countries of the MENA region. In order to achieve the research ...
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The impact of world economic competitiveness on the welfare of people and on economic development is undeniable. The present study examines the effect of good governance indicators on the global competitiveness index of the economy in selected countries of the MENA region. In order to achieve the research objectives, the statistical information related to the research variables during the period 2010-2017 was collected from the reports and database of the World Economic Forum and the World Bank. Then, the research model was estimated using the panel data econometric method and the fixed effects model. Research findings show that the impact of corruption control, rule of law, regulatory quality, and the government effectiveness indicators on the global competitiveness index is statistically significant at 5% level and have positive effect. The impact of protest and accountability and political stability indicators on the global economic competitiveness index is statistically significant at 10% level; these indicators have positive impact on the global competitiveness index of the economy. In addition, the impact of control variables such as innovation factors, efficiency factors, and essential requirements on the global competitiveness index of the economy is positive and statistically significant. Thus, in order to strengthen the global economic competitiveness of countries, the paper suggests following up and practicing the good governance indicators provided by the World Economic Forum, besides as well as other influential factors.
Soleyman Feyzi Yengjeh; Samad Hekmati Farid; Saba Yahyavi Miyavagi
Abstract
Natural resources have an important role in economic development. But aboundance of natural resources have negative effect on Good Governance Indicators. In this study, we have investigated the effect of oil revenues on good governance indicators in 54 oil Exporting countries. The time period of study ...
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Natural resources have an important role in economic development. But aboundance of natural resources have negative effect on Good Governance Indicators. In this study, we have investigated the effect of oil revenues on good governance indicators in 54 oil Exporting countries. The time period of study is 2002 to 2013. For this purpose an econometric panel method and cross-section data has been used. The results indicate that oil resource revenues have significant negative impact on six good governance indicators introduced by the World Bank: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption. Furthermore the variation of openness index, GDP, business freedom index and investment freedom index had a significant positive impact on good governance indicators.
Abolghasem Mahdavi Mazdeh; Mohammad Hossein Memarian; Mostafa Mohebi Majd
Abstract
There have been many conflicting studies on income inequality and life expectancy in the past four decades. It seems that many of these studies are affected by a statistical artifact which could lead to measurement error. In this paper, after correcting the statistical artifact, we examine the relationship ...
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There have been many conflicting studies on income inequality and life expectancy in the past four decades. It seems that many of these studies are affected by a statistical artifact which could lead to measurement error. In this paper, after correcting the statistical artifact, we examine the relationship between Gini coefficient (as an index for income inequality) and life expectancy (as an index for public health). To this end, this study uses panel data with random effects for 19 countries (including Iran) over the period 2004 -2012. After correcting the statistical artifact, the results did not suggest any particular association between income inequality and life expectancy.
Javad Abedini; Hasan Ebrahimi; Hamed Fahimifard
Abstract
During two last decades, Iranians have faced with a wide and substantial increase in housing prices, especially in great metropolitans such as Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz. This easily could be imputed to a high inflation which significantly impeded the access to housing for low and medium income ...
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During two last decades, Iranians have faced with a wide and substantial increase in housing prices, especially in great metropolitans such as Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz. This easily could be imputed to a high inflation which significantly impeded the access to housing for low and medium income families. This study uses a structural model to recognize the influential factors of such a rise in housing prices and to show whether there is any price bubble in market. The model consists of both supply and demand side determinants to explain the price changes across Iranian provinces over 1375-1390(2011-1996), in a panel data context. In particular, we use a longer and larger database which also includes more number of influential factors. Some specific features of data such as non-stationarity and cointegration have been also taken into account. Our results show that, in contrast to the common thought, there is no price bubble in the Iranian housing sector. That is, the structural model could well explain the rapid increase in Iranian house prices during the last decade. In particular, we find that the expansionary monetary policies of the government, the land price for urban uses, along with the increase of the real demand for housing are the main reasons of the past inflation in the sector. On the average, one percent increase in the urban land price or liquidity, ceteris paribus, leads to, respectively, 0.375 and 0.5 percent increase in house prices.
Saeed Rasekhi; Elnaz Behnia
Volume 18, Issue 55 , July 2013, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
Since the 1970s, international political economic theorists have emphasized on the role of domestic factors, such as domestic active groups, policies and macro-economic indicators, to explain the trade protection trends. Empirical studies have often verified this view. This paper examines ...
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Since the 1970s, international political economic theorists have emphasized on the role of domestic factors, such as domestic active groups, policies and macro-economic indicators, to explain the trade protection trends. Empirical studies have often verified this view. This paper examines the determinants of tariff protection in Iran’s manufacturing industries by using panel data for the period 2001-2007.This research also investigates the effects of intra industry trade on tariff protection. The results indicate that value added and the ratio of production to import affect the tariff protection in Iran’s manufacturing industries. Also, intra-industry-trades and their type, i.e. horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade, have negative effects on the protection. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that domestic industries activities in both domestic and foreign markets as well as intra-industry trade and competitiveness of trade should be increased.
Amir Khademalizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 54 , April 2013, , Pages 93-118
Abstract
New generation of growth models considers the effects of financial development on economic growth. The new financial literature takes a micro approach with emphasis on the external finance. In this research we examine the empirical relationship between capital market and economic growth, encompassing ...
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New generation of growth models considers the effects of financial development on economic growth. The new financial literature takes a micro approach with emphasis on the external finance. In this research we examine the empirical relationship between capital market and economic growth, encompassing 27 superior firms of Tehran Stock Exchange during 1380-1390, which may being considered as a financial investigation in Iran’s Capital Market at the firm level.
This paper is organized to examine the hypothesis that the external finance increases the sales and output growth rate of firms in Tehran Exchange, and therefore the aggregate economic growth. The results obtained in this paper through generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis indicate that financing both banks and capital market respectively, has increased sales and growth rate to 65.3 and 53.8 in our sample. Furthermore the sales growth rate of 27 firms that used external finance has a positive and significant relation with net sales ratio to fixed assets which indicate the positive role of capital market on economic growth in Iran. The Policy recommendation of this research is developing the capital market through definition and introduction of new financial instruments in order to absorb liquidity for efficient firms in Iran’s Capital Market.
Fathollah Tari; Abdorreza Shapouri
Volume 17, Issue 51 , July 2012, , Pages 1-19
Abstract
It is assumed that there are some changes in the payment system with application of information technology in this field, so that for many of retail payments we do not need cash. Changes in payment methods, create changes in money demand which may have significant economic effects. In this study the ...
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It is assumed that there are some changes in the payment system with application of information technology in this field, so that for many of retail payments we do not need cash. Changes in payment methods, create changes in money demand which may have significant economic effects. In this study the effect of changing in payment methods, from paper-based to electronic ones, on money demand function is estimated using a panel of time series data from 2002 to 2010. By applying econometric methods, we conclude that development of electronic payment could have negative effect on money demand.
Mehdi Sadeghi; Seyyed Rohollah Ahmadi
Volume 17, Issue 51 , July 2012, , Pages 89-112
Abstract
Policy-makers around the world have emphasized the virtues of deregulation. The banking industry in Iran has partly experienced reform after the domestic peivate banks entry since 2000. This study investigates the impact of this policy on economic efficiency of banking sector by using banking data over ...
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Policy-makers around the world have emphasized the virtues of deregulation. The banking industry in Iran has partly experienced reform after the domestic peivate banks entry since 2000. This study investigates the impact of this policy on economic efficiency of banking sector by using banking data over the period 1997-2006. We measured the economic efficiency of banks using SDEA which necessitated a grasp of technical and allocation efficiency and calculated the model by GAMS software. The purpose of stochastic setting of DEA is accommodating both the inefficiency and the presence of measurement errors. In the second step we used the fixed effect model on panel data to regress efficiency measures on policy variable of entry. We solved the regression model by Eviews and Stata softwares. Our result show that entry variable has not meaningful effect on efficiency. So economic efficiency cannot be differentiated on the basis of policy reform of entry.
Reza Najarzade; Morteza Ezati; Hadi Mirzanejad
Volume 17, Issue 51 , July 2012, , Pages 157-179
Abstract
In this article the Panzar & Rosse approach was employed to assess the level of competitiveness of the Iranian banking system during 1997-2010. We used panel data for all the 18 banks (private and public) that had been commercially active for at least the last four years. The results indicate that ...
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In this article the Panzar & Rosse approach was employed to assess the level of competitiveness of the Iranian banking system during 1997-2010. We used panel data for all the 18 banks (private and public) that had been commercially active for at least the last four years. The results indicate that during the period of the study the banking system has been operating under a monopolistic competition system. Using a dummy variable we also were able to show that the competition among the private banks has been stronger than the public banks. And finally the results indicate that with the more private banks entering the market the competition of the whole banking system has improved.
Teymur Mohamadi
Volume 17, Issue 50 , April 2012, , Pages 83-98
Abstract
This paper presents an assessment of the small-sample performance of the three well-known estimators of components variance in random effects model for panel data. The estimators considered are Swamy-Arora, Wansbeek-Kaptayn and Wallace-Hussain. To this end, by simulating a one-way error component model ...
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This paper presents an assessment of the small-sample performance of the three well-known estimators of components variance in random effects model for panel data. The estimators considered are Swamy-Arora, Wansbeek-Kaptayn and Wallace-Hussain. To this end, by simulating a one-way error component model in the form of random effects, small sample performance of three variance estimators is studied. The implications of these results for indentifying the model and its estimation are specified. In these simulations, conditions under which Swamy-Arora estimator is inferior to alternatives are expressed. It is shown that in small samples the estimator thus obtained can give highly wrong guidance. In one-way error component model this small sample size refers to the number of cross-sections.
Mohammad Ali Motafakker Azad; Reza Ranjpour; Seyed Kamal Sadeghi; Gholamhosein Rahnomay Garamaleki
Volume 16, Issue 48 , October 2011, , Pages 165-192
Abstract
In this study, the effect of internal R&D expenditures and technology imports on value added of Iranian large and medium industries is investigated over the period of 1994-2006. For this purpose, an endogenous growth model is used in which production is a function of employment, capital stock, internal ...
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In this study, the effect of internal R&D expenditures and technology imports on value added of Iranian large and medium industries is investigated over the period of 1994-2006. For this purpose, an endogenous growth model is used in which production is a function of employment, capital stock, internal R&D expenditures and capital-intermediate goods imports. We estimate this model for 21 industrial groups by applying panel data approach. The results indicate that internal R&D expenditures and capital-intermediate imports have a significant positive effect on value added of Iranian large and medium industries during the mentioned period. Therefore, the policy recommendations of this study are supporting R&D activities of large and medium industries by government and expanding commercial relation with industrial countries and technology leaders.
Dr. Karim Azarbaijani; Neda Samiei; Homayoun Shirazi
Volume 15, Issue 45 , February 2011, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
World trade has grown remarkably quickly in the past decades. Some researchers believe that despite growing trade, the rate of world trade is less potential amount that it can be achieved. From the perspective of these researchers, in addition to transportation costs and customary transaction costs, ...
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World trade has grown remarkably quickly in the past decades. Some researchers believe that despite growing trade, the rate of world trade is less potential amount that it can be achieved. From the perspective of these researchers, in addition to transportation costs and customary transaction costs, there are other intangible costs that reduce trade. Quality and efficiency of institutions are one of the factors that can affect the exchange costs. In this paper, we have studied the effect of institutions on trade flows of selected countries in the Middle East by using gravity model and panel data method between 2002 and 2008. The results show that compare to other factors on bilateral trade, the quality of institutions has more affect so that one unit increase in quality of institutions index in exporting and importing countries, would respectively induce 1/58 and 0/7 percent increase in trade between pairs of countries that we have studied. Therefore countries with better institutions are more willing to trade.
Reza Aghababaee; Mahmoud Motevasseli; Seyed Morteza Hoseininejad
Volume 15, Issue 44 , October 2010, , Pages 1-33
Abstract
It is argued that foreign banks entry can improve the process of development by technology transfer and access to new international funds. This paper investigates factors affecting foreign banks entry. The theoretical model is based on Markowitz portfolio model, in which a bank decides to invest ...
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It is argued that foreign banks entry can improve the process of development by technology transfer and access to new international funds. This paper investigates factors affecting foreign banks entry. The theoretical model is based on Markowitz portfolio model, in which a bank decides to invest on “portfolio of countries” according to their potential country risk and return. To test various hypotheses, we construct a panel data model for 10 year across 30 countries. The results confirm the “follow up” theory: banks follow their clients to meet their needs in another country. The policy implication for authorities is that in order to attract foreign banks, they may consider participation of foreign companies in other industries. Banks are expected to automatically follow their clients and open up new branches at that country.
Majid Sameti; Rohollah Shahnazi; Zahra dehghan shabani
Volume 15, Issue 44 , October 2010, , Pages 85-109
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of property right and regulation in credit, business and labor markets on economic growth by using two panel data models for 80 countries during 2000-2005. The first model considers legal structure and total effect of regulation on economic growth and the second model ...
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This paper investigates the role of property right and regulation in credit, business and labor markets on economic growth by using two panel data models for 80 countries during 2000-2005. The first model considers legal structure and total effect of regulation on economic growth and the second model investigates three main component of regulation; i.e. regulation in credit, business and labor markets and property right on economic growth. findings of the first model show labor force, human capital, capital stock, property right and regulation have positive effect on economic growth. And according to the second model property right and regulation in credit and labor markets have positive effect on economic growth.
Hasan Taee; Javid Bahrami; Nazila Baghery
Volume 14, Issue 43 , July 2010, , Pages 141-160
Abstract
The main concern in all economic activities is to obtain maximum output using minimum resources. That is the reason why the wages should be set with respect to productivity. To what extent the wages in practice are set in accordance with productivity is the main subject of our study. We use the survey ...
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The main concern in all economic activities is to obtain maximum output using minimum resources. That is the reason why the wages should be set with respect to productivity. To what extent the wages in practice are set in accordance with productivity is the main subject of our study. We use the survey of large manufacturing establishment’s data set for twenty two industries during 1373-1384 (1996-2005) to estimate the wage equation. Our findings indicate that there is some significant relation between wage, productivity, skills and education. However, labor productivity has trivial role in wage determination in comparison to other explanatory variables
Jamishid Pajooian; Maryam Lashkaryzadeh
Volume 14, Issue 42 , April 2010, , Pages 169-188
Abstract
The local and international environmental problems are one of the most important concerns for economists, politicians, and lawmakers. Therefore, an investigation of the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution can be important ,because it may be used as a base for national and ...
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The local and international environmental problems are one of the most important concerns for economists, politicians, and lawmakers. Therefore, an investigation of the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution can be important ,because it may be used as a base for national and international environmental policies. In this study, a panel data approach was used to analyze the effect of economic growth, technical, preferential and political changes on the important air pollution factors in the 56 selected countries with different developments levels for the period 1995 - 2005.The results indicate that despite the positive effect of the economic growth on the environmental pollution, technological advances have played an important role in the reduction of sulfur and nitrogen dioxide,and in improvement of the political indices in the reduction of carbon dioxide as the air pollutant.
Karim Azarbaijani; Seyed Komail Tayebi; Nafiseh Honari
Volume 13, Issue 40 , October 2009, , Pages 59-75
Abstract
The relationship between international trade and emigration is being concerned in most developing countries with their relevant migration and trade policies. Such policies should rely on logical resolutions in order to reduce unemployment pressure on the labor market. Hence، this study examines the ...
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The relationship between international trade and emigration is being concerned in most developing countries with their relevant migration and trade policies. Such policies should rely on logical resolutions in order to reduce unemployment pressure on the labor market. Hence، this study examines the relationship between Iran’s trade volume and labor force emigration to the five major members of the OECD (the US، Canada، the UK، the Netherlands and Sweden) over the period 1992-2004 (1371-1383).Following Mitchell and Pain (2003) and Mayda (2005)، a specified gravity model is estimated by panel data to show the impacts of determinants on the Iran’s emigration. The empirical results obtained indicate that there is a significant and complementary relationship between trade volume and the labor force emigration to the selected countries of OECD in Iran. Additionally، the results show that convergence in the labor force productivity، as a gap between the number of skilled labors falls in Iran and the OECD members، can lead to a decrease in emigration from Iran to abroad.
Nader Mehregan; Ruholah Rezaee
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, , Pages 137-146
Abstract
The world has experienced dramatic growth of population during 5 past years. Nowadays, demographic changes have been identified as one of key factors in development process. In this paper, the effect of age structure of population on economic growth has been examined. To do this, data on 171 countries ...
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The world has experienced dramatic growth of population during 5 past years. Nowadays, demographic changes have been identified as one of key factors in development process. In this paper, the effect of age structure of population on economic growth has been examined. To do this, data on 171 countries has been used over period 1966-2004. The results indicate the significant effect of demographic variables on economic growth. Based on results, population growth , the ratio of people under 15 years old to whole population , dependency ratio of young people have negative effect and ratio of people 15-64 years old to whole population, ratio of people over 65 years old to whole population, dependency ratio of elderly people have positive impact on economic growth. The growth rates of different age groups have different effects on economic growth so that the growth rate of people years under 15 years old has the biggest effect and growth rate of active people (15-64 years old) has the smallest effect on economic growth.
seyed komail tayebi; Karim Azarbaijani; Yaser Abbaslou
Volume 13, Issue 39 , July 2009, , Pages 11-27
Abstract
There has been relatively little empirical analysis of the role played by cultural-social-economic policies to promote entrepreneurship. Governments, for instance, conduct different entrepreneurship promotion policies. Financial assistance and easing of bureaucratic rules are provided to improve the ...
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There has been relatively little empirical analysis of the role played by cultural-social-economic policies to promote entrepreneurship. Governments, for instance, conduct different entrepreneurship promotion policies. Financial assistance and easing of bureaucratic rules are provided to improve the entrepreneurship process in a country. Entrepreneurs benefit from education and skills, which are planned and subsidized by governments to provide an appropriate environment for business. So, it seems government policies on education promotion and human development, for instance, are important factors affecting entrepreneurship. Additionally, growth in total investment and savings expand economic capacity for further activities by entrepreneurs. The objective of this paper is to explore a causal relationship between entrepreneurship and its main determinants through regression analysis. We employ data on education, human development, property rights, the rule of law and some economic variables in 123 selected countries over the period 2000-2005 to estimate the entrepreneurship regression model by the panel data approach. The implication is that education, economic growth and optimal government policies can encourage entrepreneurship.
Jamshid Pazhoyan; Marjan Faghih nasiri
Volume 13, Issue 38 , April 2009, , Pages 97-132
Abstract
The economic growth rate is an important issue which concerns most of the economic intellectuals, because the economic Growth rate is one of the most important factors which have effect on the human Social welfare. But in spite of the importance of economic growth rate, determining different factors ...
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The economic growth rate is an important issue which concerns most of the economic intellectuals, because the economic Growth rate is one of the most important factors which have effect on the human Social welfare. But in spite of the importance of economic growth rate, determining different factors affecting on growth of a country still are mysterious and to some extent controversial. trade strategy, among the others, is one of the most important explanatory variables of growth. One the other hand, the effect of trade on growth is considered as one of the most important topics in growth and trade literature. From an economic point of view, The most important opinions of advantage is documented and during the evolution of advantage-based theories, The Theory of Competitive advantage and competitiveness, had introduced , Since the and of The Year 1990. We decided to examine the impact of competitiveness on economic growth. To provide a composite measure of competitiveness, caring the sources of competitiveness, we focused on the effectiveness of above mentioned measures on different elements of production function. So, we introduced three indices of labor force, capital and technology competitiveness, then we calculated these measures for 57 countries during the period of 1995-2003 and countries in to four groups based on income levels according to the world bank classification. Finally, the estimation of model would have done (by considering above measures). Three functional forms of the production function were suggested regarding the different forms of technology (labor-augmenting technological progress, capital- augmenting technological progress and Hicks-Neutral form). Then using a panel data regression model, the strong and positive relationship, had been confirmed.
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Atousa Goudarzi; Haidar Zobaidie
Volume 11, Issue 35 , July 2008, , Pages 111-140
Abstract
Electronic banking is one of the applications of the information and communication technology (ICT) in money market and banking industry. In this paper, we investigate the effects of electronic banking on the commercial banks profitability using an econometric model. The model is based on the* Structure-Conduct-Performance* ...
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Electronic banking is one of the applications of the information and communication technology (ICT) in money market and banking industry. In this paper, we investigate the effects of electronic banking on the commercial banks profitability using an econometric model. The model is based on the* Structure-Conduct-Performance* approach in which the return of total assets (ROA) depends on market concentration, bank size, the number of automated teller machines (ATM), and the membership in the SHETAB network. We estimate the model using a panel data method consisting of the six major commercial banks (Tejarat, Refah Kargaran, Sepah, Saderat, Mellat and Melli banks) over the period 1998-2004. The results show that the number of automated teller machines (ATM) has a positive effect on profitability of commercial banks and the effect increases after joining the SHETAB network. We conclude that the expansion of electronic banking has a positive and significant effect on the commercial banks profitability.
Shekoofeh Farahmand; Nematollah Akbari
Volume 10, Issue 34 , April 2008, , Pages 73-98
Abstract
Urbanization occurs when sector composition changes from agriculture to industry. Technology improvement in agriculture releases labor from this section and causes labor to immigrate from rural areas to urban areas. Population movements from rural to urban areas change spatial shape of a country. This ...
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Urbanization occurs when sector composition changes from agriculture to industry. Technology improvement in agriculture releases labor from this section and causes labor to immigrate from rural areas to urban areas. Population movements from rural to urban areas change spatial shape of a country. This change will lead to the growth of existing cities, creating new cities, and/or both. This urban development has two sides: growth in number of cities and growth in sizes of cities. This study considers only the growth in number of cities. This paper tests the impact of economic factors on urban development through traditional and spatial specification of Henderson’s models for Iran’s urban system in 1966-96. The results show that considered factors has affected the growth of number of cities in Iran, although there has not been significant spatial dependence.
Morteza Sameti; Rohollah Shahnazi; Zahra Deghan Shabani
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, , Pages 87-105
Abstract
In this paper, factors affecting fiscal corruption, especially economic freedom, have been analyzed using three panel data models for 73 countries during 2000-2003. The results show three main components of economic freedom; i.e., legal structure and property rights, sound money and freedom ...
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In this paper, factors affecting fiscal corruption, especially economic freedom, have been analyzed using three panel data models for 73 countries during 2000-2003. The results show three main components of economic freedom; i.e., legal structure and property rights, sound money and freedom to exchange with foreigners, have positive effect on fiscal corruption. Two other component of economic freedom, i.e., size of government and regulation in credit, business and labor markets, have not significant effects on fiscal corruption.
