Economic Development
mohaddaseh soleimani; Aliasghar Banouei; Esfandiar Jahangard; teymor mohamadi
Abstract
Innovation and technological changes spans various geographical locations over the time.The inability of Input-Output models in measuring the effects of technology changes, caused by new innovations, is known as a weakness of these models. In this article, we show how this weakness can be addressed by ...
Read More
Innovation and technological changes spans various geographical locations over the time.The inability of Input-Output models in measuring the effects of technology changes, caused by new innovations, is known as a weakness of these models. In this article, we show how this weakness can be addressed by employing the fields of influence method. Technology changes are modeled as changes of one or more elements in the direct coefficients matrix and the impact of such changes in the Leontief matrix is measured. Here is the main question: Does the technology changes only impact a limited sector or the entire economical system? In other words, how would technology changes in one sector impact other sectors of economic system? The main goal in this paper is proposing a method which can measure how different sectors get impacted by changes at different levels such as one element, all elements, one row or one column and then evaluates the importance of different sectors. To this aim, Iran’s Input-Output tables over the period of 1365-1395 with the fixed price of Iran’s statistics center in 1390 is used. The impact of technology changes on each sector is measured using Leontief’s inverse matrix and the column field of influence approach (CFOI) approach. Our findings indicate that over this period of time, technological changes in the industry and then construction sectors have the most influence and the mining sector has the least influence on other sectors of Iran’s economy.
Esfandiyar Jahangard
Abstract
The Iranian economy suffers from low economic growth despite having access to enormous reserves of natural resources. The role of investment rate as the driving force of economic growth has been the focus of much debate among macroeconomists. This raises an important question: Why does growth in Iran ...
Read More
The Iranian economy suffers from low economic growth despite having access to enormous reserves of natural resources. The role of investment rate as the driving force of economic growth has been the focus of much debate among macroeconomists. This raises an important question: Why does growth in Iran remain low despite of high investment? One way to answer this question is to look at the relationship between economic structures and performances. Contributing to the literature in the field, we incorporate intermediate goods in our calculation of inter sectoral resource allocation for the purposes of production analysis over the period of 1973-2011. Five national input-output tables for the years of 1973, 1986, 1991, 2001 and 2011 consisting of 19 sectors in current prices have been used in this study. The results showed that the average production multiplier is 1.8. The overall findings revealed that the structural transformation has shifted from agriculture to some industries and service sectors which differs from the experiences of developing and developed countries.
Esfandiar Jahangard; Alireza Naseriborocheni
Abstract
In this paper, we combine the input-output approach with fuzzy clustering using the input-output tables of 2011 and 2006 in order to identify the sectoral weights of the Iranian economy. The outliers were separately clustered in order to eliminate their undesirable effects on clustering. The results ...
Read More
In this paper, we combine the input-output approach with fuzzy clustering using the input-output tables of 2011 and 2006 in order to identify the sectoral weights of the Iranian economy. The outliers were separately clustered in order to eliminate their undesirable effects on clustering. The results show that key economic sectors in the manufacturing and mining (non-metallic minerals, basic metals, machinery and equipment n.e.c., distribution of gaseous fuels through mains, other mining, coke and refined petroleum products and nuclear fuels), in Iran are outliers, hence, need to be separately clustered. Moreover, the key sectors are "crude petroleum and natural gas" - "wholesale and retail, maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related parts and accessories, public administration, land transport and agriculture" for export promotion and job creation, respectively.
Esfandiar Jahangard
Volume 9, Issue 33 , February 2008, , Pages 1-23
Bijan Baseri; Esfandiar Jahangard
Volume 8, Issue 28 , October 2006, , Pages 61-85
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effects of technological changes on employment in the Iranian manufacturing industries. We estimate an empirical relationship between R&D spending as a proxy of technological change and skiledl and unskilled employment across the manufacturing industries. We use ...
Read More
In this paper, we investigate the effects of technological changes on employment in the Iranian manufacturing industries. We estimate an empirical relationship between R&D spending as a proxy of technological change and skiledl and unskilled employment across the manufacturing industries. We use the survey data on the four-digit large manufacturing industries for the period 1995-2000. In order to control for the heterogeneity among different industry groups, we use the multilevel model estimation. Our findings show a positive correlation of various measures of technology with the skill structure suggesting that technology is, on average, biased towards skilled labor. In other words, technological progress is complimentary with skilled labor and has a weak relation to unskilled employment in various activities.
Esfandiar Jahangard
Volume 7, Issue 25 , February 2006, , Pages 83-107
Abstract
Technology has long been considered very important to contribute to economic growth through productivity improvement. The empirical studies indicate that the contribution of information technology(IT) to growth in developed and some developing countries over the second half of the 1990s has been ...
Read More
Technology has long been considered very important to contribute to economic growth through productivity improvement. The empirical studies indicate that the contribution of information technology(IT) to growth in developed and some developing countries over the second half of the 1990s has been significant. There is still room for more investigation, specially in developing countries where the socio-economic infrastructure may not fully support the IT and economic growth relationship. This study uses an explicit production function to estimate the elasticity of IT factors in the Iranian manufacturing industry using the panel data method covering the period 2000-2001.
Reveal that IT has had a positive and significant effect on the production in the Iranian manufacturing industry. Our results suggest that an increase in IT expenditure beside improving complementary factors will eventually lead to higher labour productivity and growth in manufacturing industry.
Esfandiyar Jahangard; Saeed Moshiri
Volume 6, Issue 19 , July 2004, , Pages 55-78
Abstract
The empirical studies have indicated that the contribution of information and communication technology to growth in developed and some developing countries are significant, particularly in the second half of the 1990s.There is still room for more investigation, specially in developing countries, where ...
Read More
The empirical studies have indicated that the contribution of information and communication technology to growth in developed and some developing countries are significant, particularly in the second half of the 1990s.There is still room for more investigation, specially in developing countries, where the socio-economic infrastructure may not fully support the positive link between ICT & economic growth. This paper employs an endogenous growth model to estimate the contribution of ICT in the Iranian economic growth using the state space method. This study reveals a positive and significant effect of communication investment on the economic growth in the late 1990s. Our results suggest that an increase in the ICT expenditure across various economic activities as well as improved complementary factors will eventually lead to higher economic growth.
Esfandiyar Jahangard
Volume 2, 4&5(Spring and Summer) , April 2000, , Pages 81-106
Abstract
This paper tries to analyse the structural changes of the Iranian economy during 1969-1988.
For this purpose the Input - Output tables of 1969, 1974, 1984and 1988 have been used. The original tables were at current prices and therefore could not be used to quantify the structural changes of ...
Read More
This paper tries to analyse the structural changes of the Iranian economy during 1969-1988.
For this purpose the Input - Output tables of 1969, 1974, 1984and 1988 have been used. The original tables were at current prices and therefore could not be used to quantify the structural changes of the Iranian economy in real term. For this purpose, after making sectoral comparisons, and taking the year 1974 as the base year, all the tables have been deflated by using the double deflation methods.
