Khosrow Piraee,; Mohammad Reza Shahsavar
Volume 12, Issue 36 , October 2008, , Pages 153-185
Abstract
Subsidies and indirect taxes are important instruments in order to implement government policy aimed at poverty reduction. This paper develops a methodology to assess subsidies and indirect taxes from poverty reduction aspect. This method helps us to know whether subsidies and indirect taxes are pro ...
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Subsidies and indirect taxes are important instruments in order to implement government policy aimed at poverty reduction. This paper develops a methodology to assess subsidies and indirect taxes from poverty reduction aspect. This method helps us to know whether subsidies and indirect taxes are pro poor or not. A fiscal policy can be said as pro poor if it benefits the poor proportionally more than the non poor. For this purpose, in the viewpoint of poverty the concept of elasticity of Foster, Greer, and Torbeque poverty index with respect to prices is used and then the pro-poor index for prices is derived we use the index to assess the indirect taxes and subsidies. The results of this research during the years 1379-83 in urban and rural areas in Iran indicate increasing in price of food items hurt the poor more than the rich and subsidizing these items (excluding beverages and tobacco) have been pro-poor. how ever, an increasing in price for items like health and care, transportation, communication and education hurt the rich more than the poor, and the rich benefit more than the poor from these subsidies.Therefore,a review on studies tax program in order to reduce inequality and improve welfare seems to be necessary.
Khosrow Piraee; Azadeh Ghana'atian
Volume 8, Issue 29 , February 2007, , Pages 113-141
Abstract
Economic growth and poverty alleviation have been among the most important government policies in Iran for the past three decades. This paper examines the effect of economic growth on the poverty reduction in Iran using various methodologies and approaches for the period 1995-2003 Main findings of the ...
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Economic growth and poverty alleviation have been among the most important government policies in Iran for the past three decades. This paper examines the effect of economic growth on the poverty reduction in Iran using various methodologies and approaches for the period 1995-2003 Main findings of the paper show that poverty incidence in urban and rural areas of Iran has declined, however, the intensity of poverty has declined in urban, but increased in rural areas. Furthermore, measurements of indices such as the poverty incidence,, poverty-growth curves, and the poverty equivalent growth indicate that economic growth in most years has been weakly pro-poor in both urban and rural areas, confirming the trickle down effect of growth.
Khosrow Piraee,; Hosein Kazemi
Volume 6, Issue 18 , April 2004, , Pages 157-178
Abstract
The main objective in this paper is twofold: measuring technical efficiency and indicating its determinant factors for the Iranian insurance companies. We utilize stochastic frontier function and two alternative models: the “ error component frontier ”model proposed by Battes and Coelli (1992) ...
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The main objective in this paper is twofold: measuring technical efficiency and indicating its determinant factors for the Iranian insurance companies. We utilize stochastic frontier function and two alternative models: the “ error component frontier ”model proposed by Battes and Coelli (1992) and ”technical inefficiency effect” model proposed by Battes and Coelli(1995) . the parameters of both models are estimated by maximum likelihood method. Earned premium and investment income selected as outputs of insurance industry. Panel data of Iran, Asia, Alborz and Dana –the four insurance companies-over 10 years,(1922-2001); used to measure their technical efficiencies. The findings of this paper show that technical efficiency is equal to 79.30% in error component model and 81.71% in technical inefficiency model from earned premium point of view and 58.51% in error component model and 59.64% in technical inefficiency model from investment income point of view. Further results indicated that technical efficiency has direct relation with respect ratio of the number of branches located in Tehran, total assets, ratio of life insurance premium, ratio of non- life insurance premium and inverse relation with respect to ratio of employees qualified with bachelor’s degree.
