Habib Ansari Samani; Robabeh Khilkordi
Abstract
The distribution of income, which means the distribution of national income between groups, social classes and economic sectors, is one of the main components of social justice. There are many factors affecting the income distribution. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of unemployment ...
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The distribution of income, which means the distribution of national income between groups, social classes and economic sectors, is one of the main components of social justice. There are many factors affecting the income distribution. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of unemployment rate along with other major factors related to income distribution in Iran’s provinces. For this purpose, the annual data for Iran’s provinces during 1999 to 2014, with DOLS estimator have been analyzed. The results show that increasing unemployment in the long run will increase the income inequality in the provinces. Also, inflation rate, economic growth rate and current government spending increase the Gini coefficient in the long run. Error correction model results indicate that, unemployment and government size variables have no significant relationship with the dependent variable in the short run. However Inflation rate and economic growth rate have a positive relationship with inequality in the short run.
Sajad Ebrahimi; Seyed Ali Madanizadeh; Amineh Mahmoudzadeh
Abstract
By regulations, the Iranian banks have limitations in setting their interest rates, yet the evidence shows that the loan rates vary across borrowers. This paper analyzes these differences in the rates and what affect them. In addition to the factors influencing the borrower’s risks directly, we ...
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By regulations, the Iranian banks have limitations in setting their interest rates, yet the evidence shows that the loan rates vary across borrowers. This paper analyzes these differences in the rates and what affect them. In addition to the factors influencing the borrower’s risks directly, we investigate the effects of other various factors such as the properties of the lending banks as emphasized in the literature. In this regards, using the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange database, we construct a firm-bank panel dataset that contains the outstanding loans of a firm from each bank for the period of 2007-2014. Using panel data estimation, we show that changes in Non-Performing Loan (NPL) ratios of the lending bank has significant effect on the borrowers’ financial costs. In addition, an increase in the share of the loan from private banks, the number of firm-bank relationships and leverage ratio of the firm increase the firms’ financial costs. Finally, we show that working capital ratio, collateral ratio and degree of dependence on imported inputs have significant effects on firm’s financial costs.