Asghar Shahmoradi; Mohsen Mehrara; Navid Fayazi
Volume 14, Issue 42 , April 2010, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
This paper investigates the impacts of an energy price increase on price levels, income distribution, consumer’ welfare and government expenditure. In doing so, it uses a static Input-Output approach in the context of the input-output table for Islamic Republic of Iran for the year 2004. An exogenous ...
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This paper investigates the impacts of an energy price increase on price levels, income distribution, consumer’ welfare and government expenditure. In doing so, it uses a static Input-Output approach in the context of the input-output table for Islamic Republic of Iran for the year 2004. An exogenous increase in energy prices, due to reduction in energy subsidies, increases the production costs and consequently increases the general price level. Such price increases, result in a consumer’ welfare reduction and affect the government expenditures. It defines a set of indirect utility functions, which then used to measure the change in welfare of households. A set of constant coefficients used to measure the increase in households’ budget and change in government expenditures. Two distinct scenarios defined for energy prices increase, the first is a once-for-all 100% increase in those prices, and the second scenario assumes a once-for-all complete elimination of energy subsidies in Iran.
Mahmood Khataei; Roya Seifipoor
Volume 7, Issue 24 , October 2005, , Pages 53-76
Abstract
In Iran, financial market is heavily dominated by the government. The big share of market is owned and run by government, particularly in banking sector. In effect the range of interest rates for different deposits and loans in banks are fixed by Islamic Republic of Iran Central Bank (IRICB). Since the ...
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In Iran, financial market is heavily dominated by the government. The big share of market is owned and run by government, particularly in banking sector. In effect the range of interest rates for different deposits and loans in banks are fixed by Islamic Republic of Iran Central Bank (IRICB). Since the rates are well below the equilibrium levels, selective credit policies are common components of financial restriction in Iran. In other words credit rationing is implemented in official market. Under such circumstances, a black marker for deposits & loans is formed. It operates with very higher interest rates, but very efficient with respect to decision making process. The two official and non- official (black market) markets form the two – sector financial system of Iran. Each sector is managed with different rules and policies. As a result some well known rules in monetary policy do not work in the expected way in Iran. In particular decreasing interest rate policy in official market does not boost the demand through investment. We show theoretically the subject by a modified version of Loanable Funds Theory for a two – sector financial market. Moreover an estimated Iran investment function confirms empirically the theoretical approach. Engle – Granger Test confirms the results too. Also financial repression in Iran causes some transfer payments by deposit owners to those receive loans in official market which could be as high as over %10 of GDP. The policy implication to be adopted by policy makers is a well known deregulation policy which results in integration of the two markets.